STRUCTURAL AGREEMENT: THE CASE OF INDIGENOUS HEALTH CARE IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO DO SUL OVER THE PANDEMIC

The purpose of this paper is to study the structural agreement called the "term of technical cooperation” signed in august 2020 by the Prosecution Office, by the State Health Department, by the Special Department of Indigenous Health, by the Municipal Health Department of Aquidauana, Miranda and Sidrolândia, by the Western Military Command and by the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The case study is justified because the "term of technical cooperation” was characterized as a structural agreement, built through consensual and negotiated solutions to remedy the crisis health involving fundamental social rights. By means of the deductive method, a dogmatic and critical research is carried out. The research also carried out the analysis of content and documental data collected from samples. As a result of the case study, it is concluded that the scope of the functions of justice institutions in Brazil should reflect the culture, objectives and values that promote dialogue, participation and the purposes of the structural process, so that they can fulfill their functions in an adequate, timely, efficient and effective way in the implementation of jurisdiction in the course of the structural process, which has as an essential dimension of protection of fundamental social rights. © 2023, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. All rights reserved.

Health education in times of pandemic: Promoting health among indigenous populations in the Brazilian Amazon

In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are faced with the need to develop intercultural health education strategies from the perspective of health promotion, as a collective empowerment tool to confront the pandemic and for protection and comprehensive health care for indigenous peoples. This chapter describes the alternative educational and pedagogical strategies for conducting a collaborative training course with indigenous empowerment through gathering the knowledge of traditional medicine in communities and creating viable and consensual alternatives for addressing their health problems and solutions. In 2020-2021, a training course in mental health was conducted exclusively to mitigate the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on indigenous populations in the Brazilian Amazon. It was possible to rethink pedagogical practices, technological tools, the student's culture, the curriculum, and the social environment. This sensitivity demonstrates respect for different cultures, ethnicities, and languages, highlighting intercultural dialogue. The completion of the course evidenced the construction of unpublished knowledge about COVID-19 in promoting self-care and autonomy of indigenous people for decision-making based on healthy choices, which protect life in indigenous villages in the Amazon. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.

Post Covid-19 Insights: Building an Economically Sustainable and Resilient Ati Community in the Philippines through Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR)

The Ati are indigenous peoples of the Philippines who live in Sitio Tagaw, Tamulalod, Dumarao, and Capiz. In this community, there are 353 Ati whose sources of livelihood are farming crops, raising animals, and selling their arts and crafts, which the middlemen bought at a meager cost during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. With these, the researcher conducted Community-based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR). This study aimed to empower the Ati community by building an economically sustainable and resilient individual amidst the pandemic. Specifiically, it aimed to assess the needs of the Ati farmers in managing and marketing their farm products, design and implement the intervention activities that will address their needs in the management and marketing of their farm products, and ascertain the impacts of the intervention activities on the lives of the Ati beneficiaries. Community immersion, informal interviews, and observations were conducted while ethical considerations and health protocols were observed. The results showed that the participants encountered challenges in the value chain of their products and their children's education during this time of the pandemic. To address the issues on the value chain, the researcher implemented capacity-building activities on the management and production of their crops and animals and created social media to market their products on the digital platform. These intervention activities created positive socioeconomic impacts on the lives of the Ati community. Innovative marketing models are proposed to be adopted by other marginalized communities during and even beyond the pandemic. The strategies in this study that utilize social media platforms could also be applied to other marginalized and remote communities that need help accessing potential customers to improve their livelihood and income, even during calamities on a global scale. © 2022, Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences. All Rights Reserved.

Facing Vulnerability and Mobilizing Resilience: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Speakers of Indigenous Languages in Mexico and Their Protective Behaviours

Although the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been devastating to societies at large, Indigenous groups have been disproportionately affected, a fact which is reflected globally in the rates of COVID-19-related deaths. Indigenous and minority communities are particularly vulnerable during this health crisis due to systemic discrimination and poverty and a lack of access to adequate medical care. This chapter reports the results of the pandemic-related survey carried out between June 2020 and January 2021 among Indigenous groups in Mexico, a country in which the disease's impact has been particularly harsh. The ethnic groups whose representatives participated in our survey survived colonial depopulation caused by deadly epidemics and many forms of exploitation. They have been subjected to the intense assimilation policy implemented by the independent Mexican state as well as widespread racism and discrimination. The survey assessed the physical and psychological impacts of the pandemic, including how it has affected heritage language use, access to health services, experienced discrimination and protective behaviours. A majority of the Indigenous respondents acknowledged a strong similarity between the epidemics that decimated local populations in the colonial period and the pandemic of the "Spanish flu” of 1918-1919, on the one hand, and the present pandemic, on the other. Our study shows that this historical awareness may indeed act as a protective factor favouring more rational behaviours during the present health crisis. We argue that the respondents who identified as Indigenous had higher levels of resilience and protective behaviours during the pandemic than participants who identified themselves exclusively as "Mexican.”. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Rising level of pulmonary dioxin might trigger CMV and HSV-1 reactivation via bHLH/PAS/AhR:ARNT transcription pathway in lungs of immunocompetent COVID-19 patients with ARDS

Study objective. It has been shown that human common viruses are new target genes for host cell dioxin receptor transcriptional (AhR-ARNT) complex initially proven to up-regulate mammalian genes containing dioxin-response elements (DRE) in the promoters [doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.265]. Initially, transactivation of HIV-1 and HBV by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlodibenzop- dioxin (TCDD) at low nanomolar range was demonstrated [doi:10.3109/00498259309057034]. Noteworthy, transactivation of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was shown with 0.3 ppt dioxin, i.e. lower than its current background level in the general population (~3.0 ppt). Recently, reactivation of CMV infection was found to influence worse clinical outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection (doi: 10.1186/s12979-020- 00185-x). Other findings showed that CMV and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) reactivation were observed in immunocompetent patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03252-3). Addressing occurrence of Herpesviridae reactivation in severe COVID-19 patients, and still unspecified real triggers of CMV and HSV-1 reactivations, we tested TCDD, which current body burden (DBB) ranges from 20 pg/g (TEQ in fat) in general population to 100 pg/g in older people. Methods. In Silico quantitation of active DRE in promoters of viral genes. Virus DNA hybridization assay. Clinical and epidemiological analyses. Results and Discussion. In this study, a computational search for DRE in CMV and HSV-1 genes was performed by SITECON, a tool recognizing potentially active transcriptional factor binding sites. In silico analysis revealed in regulatory region of CMV IE genes from 5 to 10 DRE, and from 6 to 8 DRE in regulatory region of HSV-1 IE genes.We established that a low picomolar TCDD can trigger up-regulation of CMV and HSV-1 genes via AhR:Arnt transcription factor in macrophage(doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijid.2012.05.265) and glial human cell lines (doi.org/10.1016/j. jalz.2016.06.1268), respectively. In fact, viral reactivation may be triggered in COVID-19 ARDS patients by higher pulmonary TCDD concentrations, because "lipid storm" within lungs of severe COVID-19 patients has been recently reported (doi.org/ 10.1101/2020.12.04.20242115). TCDD is known as the most potent xenobiotic, which bioaccumulates and has estimation half-life in humans of up to 10 yr. Due to hydrophobic character (Log P octanol/water: 7.05), TCDD partitions into inflammatory lipids in lung tissue thus augmenting its local concentration. Population-based epidemiological data on SARS-CoV-2 first wave of pandemic revealed high level of CMV seropositivity and cumulative mortality rate 4.5 times in Lombardi region of Italy, where after Seveso industrial accident TCDD plasma level in pre-exposed subjects is 15 times the level in rest of Italy (doi. org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.620416). Also, Arctic Native (AN) peoples consume dioxin-contaminated fat in seafood and have TCDD DBB, i.e. 7 times that in general population. To the point of this paper, their COVID-19 mortality is 2.2 times of that among non-AN Alaskans (doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6949a3). Conclusion(s): TCDD in the picomolar range may trigger CMV expression in lung cells and commit virus to the lytic cycle, which can be applied to reactivation of Herpesviridae infection in immunocompetent patients with COVID-19 ARDS syndrome.Copyright © 2023 The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Connected Conservation: Rethinking conservation for a telecoupled world

The convergence of the biodiversity and climate crises, widening of wealth inequality, and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the urgent need to mobilize change to secure sustainable futures. Centres of tropical biodiversity are a major focus of conservation efforts, delivered in predominantly site-level interventions often incorporating alternative-livelihood provision or poverty-alleviation components. Yet, a focus on site-level intervention is ill-equipped to address the disproportionate role of (often distant) wealth in biodiversity collapse. Further these approaches often attempt to ‘resolve' local economic poverty in order to safeguard biodiversity in a seemingly virtuous act, potentially overlooking local communities as the living locus of solutions to the biodiversity crisis. We offer Connected Conservation: a dual-branched conservation model that commands novel actions to tackle distant wealth-related drivers of biodiversity decline, while enhancing site-level conservation to empower biodiversity stewards. We synthesize diverse literatures to outline the need for this shift in conservation practice. We identify three dominant negative flows arising in centres of wealth that disproportionately undermine biodiversity, and highlight the three key positive, though marginalized, flows that enhance biodiversity and exist within biocultural centres. Connected Conservation works to amplify the positive flows, and diminish the negative flows, and thereby orientates towards desired states with justice at the centre. We identify connected conservation actions that can be applied and replicated to address the telecoupled, wealth-related reality of biodiversity collapse while empowering contemporary biodiversity stewards. The approach calls for conservation to extend its collaborations across sectors in order to deliver to transformative change.

Socioeconomic Inequalities and Ethnic Discrimination in COVID-19 Outcomes: the Case of Mexico.

In Mexico, Indigenous people were hospitalised and killed by COVID-19 at a disproportionate rate compared to the non-Indigenous population. The main factors contributing to this were poor health conditions and impoverished social and economic circumstances within the country. The objective of this study is to examine the extent to which ethnic disparities are attributable to processes of structural discrimination and further explore the factors that exacerbate or mitigate them. Using administrative public data on COVID-19 and Census information, this study uses the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to examine the extent to which disparities are illegitimate and signal discrimination against Indigenous people. The results show that although ethnic disparities were mainly attributable to observable differences in individual and contextual characteristics, 22.8% (p < 0.001) of the ethnic gap in hospitalisations, 17.5% in early deaths and 16.4% in overall deaths remained unexplained and could potentially indicate systemic discrimination. These findings highlight that pre-existing and longstanding illegitimate disparities against Indigenous people jeopardise the capacity of multi-ethnic countries to achieve social justice in health.

Business and Human Rights in Asia: Duty of the State to Protect

This book examines the State's duty to protect human rights in Asia amidst rising concern over the human rights impact of business organisations in the region, a topic which has hitherto been understudied. It analyses a range of inter-connected issues: the advent of international standards, the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the challenges inherent in the formulation of National Action Plans on business and human rights, the need for improved legislation and policies, access to remedies, and conflicts with indigenous peoples over business activities. The book also covers innovative themes such as BHR in the era of smart cities, ethical consumer behavior, and a human rights management system, which are emerging areas of enquiry in this field concluding with a range of critical issues to be addressed, including the need for an assessment of COVID-19 pandemic's impact on BHR in Asia and beyond. This book is part of Asia Centre's exploration of the nascent regional human rights architecture that is facing significant obstacles in protecting human rights and showcases the progress achieved and the ongoing challenges across Asia. © Asia Centre 2021.

Socially just or unjust? A quantitative analysis of BIPOC girls' placement in the non-traditional CTE-STEM engineering program of study in Houston independent school district

The coronavirus (COVID-19) created unprecedented changes for teachers and students worldwide. K-12 institution were forced into action, requiring a shift in their respective teaching, and learning modalities. The global pandemic caused all institutions to re-imagine educational opportunities, equity, and access relative to middle-skills options, combined with ensuring curriculum and learning outcomes remain relevant with rigorous [faculty to student, and student to business partner] engagement. In Houston Independent School District (Houston ISD), the pandemic provided an opportunity to examine the STEM Engineering program of study within the Career and Technical Education (CTE) Department, to determine if equity and access have been, and continues to be a reality for BIPOC girls. This research will quantitatively analyze CTE-STEM disaggregated data for the 2018-2019 cohort. Specifically, the study will explore the intersectional experiences of BIPOC girls as they relate to placement in the non-traditional CTE-STEM engineering program of study, and the designation of concentrator or completer to determine if gaps of equity and access exist. Further inquiry will consider the likely effects to [future earnings and widening of middle-skills gap]. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis

COVID-19 has highlighted a brutal reality known for decades, that Black, Indigenous, and People of Color bear a disproportionate burden of US annual sepsis cases. While plentiful research funds have been spent investigating genetic reasons for racial disparities in sepsis, an abundance of research shows that sepsis incidence and mortality maps to indicators of colonial practices including residential segregation, economic and marginalization sepsis, and denial of care. Here we argue that sepsis risk is an immunological embodiment of racism in colonial states, that the factors contributing to sepsis disparities are insidious and systemic. We show that regardless of causative pathogen, or host ancestry, racialized people get and die of sepsis most frequently in a pattern repeatedly reiterated worldwide. Lastly, we argue that while alleviation of sepsis disparities requires radical, multiscale intervention, biological anthropologists have a responsibility in this crisis. While some of us can harness our expertise to take on the ground action in sepsis prevention, all of us can leverage our positions as the first point of contact for in depth human biology instruction on most college campuses. As a leading cause of death worldwide, and a syndrome that exhibits the interplay between human physiology, race and environment, sepsis is at the nexus of major themes in biological anthropology and is a natural fit for the field's curriculum. In adopting a discussion of race and sepsis in our courses, we not only develop new research areas but increase public awareness of both sepsis and the factors contributing to uneven sepsis burden.Copyright © 2022 The Authors. American Journal of Biological Anthropology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Health management in care for the Indigenous and Afro-Peruvian population in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To determine the barriers in the management of health facilities that serve the indigenous and Afro-descendant population in Peru. Material(s) and Method(s): A virtual survey on health management was designed for first level health care personnel in 89 health facilities (EESS) in 27 provinces during October and November 2021. Result(s): In 73% of the EESS, the personnel reported not knowing the plan against the third pandemic wave, 14.8% of the EESS reported not being trained in the management of COVID-19, in 22.7% of the EESS they met to coordinate how to face the third pandemic wave, in 83% of the EESS the personnel reported not having a budget for their plan against COVID-19. Conclusion(s): There are barriers in the vision, management and budget in EESS that serve indigenous and Afro-Peruvian populations, which would affect the effective execution of strategies for the control of the pandemic by COVID-19.Copyright © Colegio Medico del Peru. All rights reserved.

High SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and viral loads in community-dwelling individuals from rural indigenous and mestizo communities from the Andes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador.

Background: Neglected indigenous groups and underserved rural populations in Latin America are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to poor health infrastructure and limited access to SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The Andean region in Ecuador includes a large number of isolated rural mestizo and indigenous communities living under poverty conditions. Objective: We herein present a retrospective analysis of the surveillance SARS-CoV-2 testing in community-dwelling populations from four provinces in the Ecuadorian Andes, carried out during the first weeks after the national lockdown was lifted in June 2020. Results: A total number of 1,021 people were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR, resulting in an overall high infection rate of 26.2% (268/1,021, 95% CI: 23.6-29%), which was over 50% in several communities. Interestingly, community-dwelling super spreaders with viral loads over 108 copies/mL represented 7.46% (20/268, 95% CI: 4.8-11.1%) of the SARS-CoV-2 infected population. Conclusion: These results support that COVID-19 community transmission in rural communities from the Andean region was happening at the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador and point out the weakness of the COVID-19 control program. Community-dwelling individuals in neglected rural and indigenous communities should be considered for a successful control and surveillance program in future pandemics in low- and middle-income countries.

Socio-demographic Heterogeneity in Prevalence of SARS-COV-2 Infection and Death Rate: Relevance to Black College Student Knowledge of COVID-19 and SARS-COV-2.

Black and Brown communities are affected disproportionately by COVID-19. In an attempt to learn if young Black college students unknowingly contribute to the spread of the COVID-19 in their communities, using surveys, this pilot study gauges the general safety knowledge and basic scientific knowledge of Black college students about SARS-COV-2 virus and COVID-19 at an HBCU. We also investigated whether students enrolled in chemistry courses designed for STEM (Science, Technology, and Engineering Majors) majors displayed increased knowledge of SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 in comparison to their non-STEM major peers. Two sets of surveys with multiple choice questions, one with 25 and the other with 34 questions, were designed to assess general safety knowledge and basic scientific knowledge of the students about COVID-19 and the SARS-COV-2 virus. Survey questions were administered through Blackboard learning management system to one hundred eighty-seven (187) students in the summer of 2020 to two freshman non-science majors and in the fall of 2020 to one freshman non-science-major class, two freshmen STEM-major classes, and one senior STEM-major class. All students self-registered in the 6 chemistry classes at North Carolina A&T State University at random with no predetermined criteria. Results of the study show that regardless of their year of study, majority (> 90%) of the students possess basic scientific knowledge and are aware of the safety precautions concerning SARS-COV-2 virus and COVID-19. Majority of non-science major freshmen answered the basic safety questions correctly but were not able to choose the correct answers for the more specific scientific questions concerning SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in basic scientific knowledge regarding SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 between STEM and non-STEM student populations, and first year STEM students were just as knowledgeable as senior STEM students. Based on these data, we speculate that students surveyed here have an acceptable basic understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted, and therefore, they may not be a source of COVID-19 transmission to Black and Brown communities as this study confirms they are receiving accurate information about SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19. Possession of crucial timely and accurate knowledge about the health and safety is important in fighting racism and to gain equity within the society at large. By sharing the acquired knowledge, students can serve as positive role models for others in the community thus encouraging them to pursue science. Education brings equity, sharing the acquired knowledge encourages others to continue their education and succeed in obtaining higher degrees and better jobs as remedies for social inequality. Spread of accurate knowledge on various aspects of COVID-19 will also help remove fears of vaccination and hesitation towards visits to health clinics to resolve health issues. Relying on the results of this pilot study, we plan to explore these important factors further in our next study.

Indigenous Strength: Braiding Culture, Ceremony and Community as a response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health of urban Indigenous Peoples. This research sought to examine innovations and changes in service delivery by Indigenous service providers in the community who are addressing community needs based on an Indigenous worldview. The research was a collaboration between an academic team, an Indigenous research associate, and an Indigenous oversight committee. Fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted with Indigenous service organizations, non-Indigenous organizations with Indigenous programming, Indigenous volunteer-based organizations, and Indigenous volunteers. Participants were recruited based on having mandates focused on mental and emotional wellbeing, education, chronic health conditions, women and children, and Indigenous cultural needs. The findings showed that health inequities for urban Indigenous Peoples were compounded during the pandemic. A lack of local infrastructure contributed to increased volunteerism in delivering and improving access to services. Service interruptions and access barriers triggered innovative programming and a strengths-based response with activities embedded on the Land, braided with language, ceremony, and culture. Unmet community service needs and capacity development priorities were identified. Access to land, infrastructure, and cultural programming are key to wholistic health for the urban Indigenous community. Despite continued inequities, the urban-based Indigenous response exemplifies the strengths-based approaches that helped to address pandemic impacts, and demonstrated how Indigenous ways of knowing build strength and foster innovative program adaptations based on culture, ceremony, and creating space for community.

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Economic and Psychosocial: Depression, Anxiety and Stress of The Indigenous People and Special Effect for Elderly (Case Study in Seremban District, Malaysia and Aceh Jaya District Aceh Province, Indonesia)

The Covid-19 pandemic has spread to various parts, include the psycosocial (depression, anxiety and stress) and socio-economic also for elderly In Malaysia and Indonesia. It was found that stress have significant effect on impact of Covid-19 pandemic on socio-economic, but not for depression and anxiety with the pattern Y= 1.012 + 0.169X1 + 0.366X2 - 0.339X3+e with R=0.813 and R2= 62.3%. Meanwhile, in Indonesia with the pattern Y=0.651+0.071X1-0.009X2+0.104X3+e with R=0.766 and R2 = 53.9%. Thus, the impression of Covid-19 pandemic is not so affected on indigenous people, especially for elderly. Overall, its recommended to provide symmetrical information to this community. [ FROM AUTHOR]

An Innovative Model to Ensure Access to Hcv Treatment among Vulnerable Inner City Residents in Covidworld

Background: Due to public health regulations, many outreach programs aimed at identifying and treating disengaged populations at high risk of HCV infection were suspended. This led to a significant decrease in treatment starts and, quite likely, an increase in disease incidence among this group of core transmitters. There is an urgent need to design and evaluate novel approaches to ensure that this unmet need is addressed in concert with COVID-related programs to mitigate disease transmission, optimize COVID vaccination rates as well as timely diagnosis and treatment of COVID cases in this unique environment. Method(s): We designed a program of intervention based in single room occupancy residences in the inner city of Vancouver, Canada. Events were held in common areas and conformed to all social distancing/personal protective equipment regulations. Only residents of the building were allowed to participate, to minimize social mixing. Point of care testing for HCV was offered by finger stick rather than oral swab, to allow constant masking. Education was offered about COVID transmission, the importance of vaccination and the availability of treatment. Access to COVID rapid tests at the time of the event and beyond was facilitated, along with (more recently) an offer of antiviral treatment if eligible. In all cases, an offer of broader engagement in multidisciplinary care was made, to address HCV infection and other essential needs. Result(s): Since July 2020, 80 events have been held. We have reached 1193 individuals (71.1% male, 23.8% Aboriginal). HCV antibody positivity rate was 36.3%. Viremia testing was completed in 358 individuals, with 173 (48.3%) being positive. Of these, 97 have initiated treatment, 64 have completed treatment, with SVR12 rate of 53/54 (98.1%), and 31 patients remain in care, awaiting HCV treatment initiation. Data on COVID vaccination and disease transmission rates are being analyzed. Conclusion(s): It is still possible to design programs of intervention for inner city residents while respecting COVID regulations. Such events (conducted within a population where 1/3 are infected with HCV), conducted within the context of an offer of broader care, are highly successful and will contribute significantly towards an increase in HCV treatment starts in a group that has been particularly disadvantaged in the pandemic era.

Geographic Distribution of the Lztfl1 Snp Markers Associated with Severe Covid-19 in Russia and Worldwide

The correlation between the risk of death from COVID-19 and the patient's ethnogeographic origin has been previously detected. LZTFL1 gene was identified as a potential marker of a two times higher risk of severe COVID-19. The study was aimed to assess spatial variation in the LZTFL1 SNP markers in indigenous populations of Russia and the world. Spatial variation in the LZTFL1 polymorphic markers was analyzed in 28 metapopulations (97 ethnic groups) of North Eurasia (n = 1980) and 34 world's metapopulations (n = 3637) by bioinformatics, statistical and cartographic methods. In North Eurasia, the major geographic variation vectors, North-South and West-East, are generally in line with the Caucasoid-Mongoloid anthropological vector. Global variation also corresponds to anthropological features: each cluster of indigenous populations includes only those from the place where it originates: Africa, Asia, or America. Indo-European cluster integrates Caucasoid populations of Europe and Asia. All four clusters of the world's indigenous population are separated from each other. The huge genetic diversity of Russia peoples and neighboring countries forms a bridge between three continents: Europe, Asia and America. Cartographic atlas for spatial variation in 11 LZTFL1 markers in the populations has been created. The following major patterns have been revealed: a) the world's extrema fall on the indigenous populations of Africa and America;2) Eurasia constitutes a transition zone between these two extrema, but has its own patterns and shows enormous scale of variation shows enormous variation on a global scale;3) the genetic landscape of Russia tends to be seamlessly integrated into the Eurasian landscape. Copyright © 2022 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. All rights reserved.

6th International Leh Symposium

The proceedings contain 49 papers. The topics discussed include: eliminating senescent cells can promote pulmonary hypertension development and progression;roles of chromatin structure, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulators in the persistently activated phenotype of pulmonary vascular cells in hypoxia- induced pulmonary hypertension;Tibetan adaptation to high altitude: what we know and what is still missing?;age differences in cardiopulmonary adaptations to high altitude and Tibetan women's reproductive success;endothelial pas domain protein 1 variants regulate adaptation and maladaptation mechanisms under hypoxia;hemoglobin increase with altitude in different world regions;membrane and capillary component of lung diffusion capacity in high-altitude natives;hypoxia conditioning for preacclimatization, prophylaxis, and therapy;and COVID-19 with respect to protection or risk at high altitude: a global perspective.

Psychiatric admission among migrants: a retrospective study in acute psychiatric ward in Bologna, Italy

Introduction: Numerous evidences point out how migrants use health services differently than the natives. Migrants turn more frequently to the ED for psychiatric problems and less to territorial psychiatric services than the native population. Other differences can be found in terms of diagnosis, type of discharge, type of hospitalization. Objective(s): Our study has the objective of evaluating the incidence of psychiatric hospitalizations of migrant patients compared to natives in a well-defined area of the metropolitan city of Bologna and evaluate the effect of the Covid 19 pandemic on the incidence of psychiatric hospitalizations among migrants and on their clinical characteristics. Method(s): The study conducted is of an observational and retrospective type on migrant and native patients admitted to the psychiatric unit "SPDC-Malpighi" of the DSM-DP of Bologna AUSL between 01/01/2018 and 31/12/2020. Result(s): Migrants were more likely to be admitted via ED and less likely to be referred from a CMHC or from non-psychiatric hospital unit compared with natives. Most migrants were discharged at home while natives more frequently chose to self-discharge. With regard to diagnosis, migrants were more likely to be admitted due to a SSD, while natives were more likely to be diagnosed with a MD or SUD. Conclusion(s): We confirm the presence of differences in access to care, type of discharge and type of diagnosis between migrants and natives. Further studies to investigate changes in pre and post Covid admissions in migrants would be needed.